{"id":266,"date":"2023-10-27T09:52:09","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T01:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ai.gitpp.com\/?p=266"},"modified":"2023-10-31T19:13:17","modified_gmt":"2023-10-31T11:13:17","slug":"%e3%80%8apython%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e3%80%8b10-%e6%a0%87%e5%87%86%e5%ba%93%e7%9a%84%e7%ae%80%e6%98%8e%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ai.gitpp.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/27\/%e3%80%8apython%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e3%80%8b10-%e6%a0%87%e5%87%86%e5%ba%93%e7%9a%84%e7%ae%80%e6%98%8e%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300aPython\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\u300b10. \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u7b80\u660e\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u5f00\u80c3\u83dc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ecb\u7ecdPython<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u6df1\u5165\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. \u6a21\u5757<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. \u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. \u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. \u7c7b<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u7b80\u660e\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u7b80\u660e\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. \u73b0\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u7f16\u8f91\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u4ee3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. \u6d6e\u70b9\u7b97\u672f: \u95ee\u9898\u548c\u9650\u5236<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    10.1. \u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    os<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u63a5\u53e3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0import os<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>os.getcwd()\u00a0# \u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55 (current working directory)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0\u2018C:\\\\Python32\u2019\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>os.chdir(\u2018\/server\/accesslogs\u2019)\u00a0# \u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>os.system(\u2018mkdir today\u2019)\u00a0# \u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684shell\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cmkdir\u547d\u4ee4<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8bb0\u4f4f\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 import os<\/code> \u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f from os import *<\/code>. \u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u5f97 :fun:`os.open`<\/a> \u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 open()<\/code><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u00a0dir()<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0help()<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u50cf\u00a0os<\/code><\/a>:: \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5341\u5206\u6709\u6548\u7684 \u5de5\u5177:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0import os<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>dir(os) <returns a list of all module functions>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>help(os) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <returns an extensive manual page created from the module\u2019s docstrings><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5e38\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ba1\u7406,\u00a0shutil<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4fbf\u6377\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63a5\u53e3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0importshutil<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>shutil.copyfile(\u2018data.db\u2019, \u2018archive.db\u2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0>>>\u00a0<\/strong>shutil.move(\u2018\/build\/executables\u2019, \u2018installdir\u2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.2. \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    glob<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6, \u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0importglob<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>glob.glob(\u2018*.py\u2019) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u2018primes.py\u2019, \u2018random.py\u2019, \u2018quote.py\u2019]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.3. \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u811a\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570. \u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u00a0sys<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u00a0argv<\/em>\u00a0\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u8d77\u6765. \u4e0b\u4f8b\u4e2d, \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u00a0python\u00a0demo.py\u00a0one\u00a0two\u00a0three<\/code>\u00a0, \u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4fbf\u80fd \u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0import sys<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>print(sys.argv) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u2018demo.py\u2019, \u2018one\u2019, \u2018two\u2019, \u2018three\u2019]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    getopt<\/code><\/a> \u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u7684 getopt()<\/code><\/a> \u51fd\u6570\u53bb\u5904\u7406 sys.argv<\/em>. argparse<\/code><\/a> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.4. \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    sys<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u00a0stdin<\/em>,\u00a0stdout<\/em>,\u00a0stderr<\/em>\u00a0\u5c5e\u6027. \u800c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u00a0stderr<\/em>\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5 \u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u8b66\u544a\u548c\u51fa\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u51fa\u6765, \u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u00a0stdout<\/em>\u00a0\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e86:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>sys.stderr.write(\u2018Warning, log file not found starting a new one\\n<\/strong>\u2018) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Warning, log file not found starting a new one<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u7ed3\u675f\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8c03\u7528 sys.exit()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.5. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u533a\u914d<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    re<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177, \u4ee5\u4fbf\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5904\u7406. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u533a\u914d \u548c\u64cd\u4f5c, \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0importre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>re.findall(r\u2019\\bf[a-z]*\u2019, \u2018which foot or hand fell fastest\u2019) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u2018foot\u2019, \u2018fell\u2019, \u2018fastest\u2019]\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>re.sub(r'(\\b[a-z]+) \\1\u2032, r\u2019\\1\u2032, \u2018cat in the the hat\u2019) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2018cat in the hat\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u800c\u5f53\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>\u2018tea for too\u2019.replace(\u2018too\u2019, \u2018two\u2019) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2018tea for two\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.6. \u6570\u5b66\u5904\u7406<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    math<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e95\u5c42\u7684 C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0importmath<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>math.cos(math.pi \/ 4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    0.70710678118654757\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>math.log(1024, 2) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    random<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u5177:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0importrandom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>random.choice([\u2018apple\u2019, \u2018pear\u2019, \u2018banana\u2019])<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2018apple\u2019\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>random.sample(range(100), 10)\u00a0# \u751f\u6210\u65e0\u9700\u66f4\u6362\u7684\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u6837\u672c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0[30, 83, 16, 4, 8, 81, 41, 50, 18, 33]\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>random.random()\u00a0# \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/em>\u00a00.17970987693706186<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0>>>\u00a0<\/strong>random.randrange(6)\u00a0# \u4ee5range(6)\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a04<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Scipy \u9879\u76ee <http:\/\/scipy.org<\/a>> \u91cc\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6a21\u5757.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.7. \u8bbf\u95ee\u4e92\u8054\u7f51<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    python\u91cc\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6a21\u5757. \u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u522b\u662f, \u4ece\u7f51\u5740\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u7684\u00a0urllib.request<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757, \u548c\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u00a0smtplib<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    (\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u672c\u5730\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668. )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.8. \u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    datetime<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7c7b, \u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u590d\u6742\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f. \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65e5\u671f\u7684 \u7b97\u6cd5\u540e, \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u4fbf\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e86. \u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u65f6\u533a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    10.9. \u6570\u636e\u7684\u538b\u7f29<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5757\u5305\u62ec:\u00a0zlib<\/code><\/a>,\u00a0gzip<\/code><\/a>,\u00a0zipfile<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0tarfile<\/code><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    10.10. \u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e00\u4e9b Python \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52a3\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3. \u800c Python \u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5 \u5de5\u5177, \u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f8b\u5982, \u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u6253\u5305\u548c\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u7279\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u4ea4\u6362\u53c2\u6570.\u00a0timeit<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u5730 \u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf, \u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u5f88\u5fae\u5c0f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0fromtimeitimport<\/strong>\u00a0Timer\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>Timer(\u2018t=a; a=b; b=t\u2019, \u2018a=1; b=2\u2019).timeit() <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    0.57535828626024577\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    >>>\u00a0<\/strong>Timer(\u2018a,b = b,a\u2019, \u2018a=1; b=2\u2019).timeit() <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    0.54962537085770791<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u548c timeit<\/code><\/a> \u826f\u597d\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f, profile<\/code><\/a> \u6a21\u5757\u548c pstats<\/code><\/a> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b \u4ee5\u5927\u5757\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fa8\u522b\u4e34\u754c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u5177.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.11. \u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f, \u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd, \u5728\u5047\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b, \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u800c\u4e14\u5728 \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, \u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53bb\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    doctest<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u53bb\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6784\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\u64cd\u4f5c, \u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u6863\u5f53\u4e2d. \u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d \u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50, \u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6587\u6863\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027. \u540c\u65f6, \u5b83\u8fd8\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4e8e\u6587\u6863\u7684:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    def<\/strong>\u00a0average(values):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201c\u201d\u201dComputes the arithmetic mean of a list of numbers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0>>> print(average([20, 30, 70]))<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a040.0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201c\u201d\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    return<\/strong>\u00a0sum(values) \/ len(values)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    importdoctest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0doctest.testmod()\u00a0# \u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u68c0\u6d4b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    unittest<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u00a0doctest<\/code><\/a>\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e48\u8f7b\u677e\u7b80\u5355, \u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d, \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 \u66f4\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    importunittest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    classTestStatisticalFunctions<\/strong>(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0def<\/strong>\u00a0test_average(self):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    self.assertEqual(average([20, 30, 70]), 40.0) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    self.assertEqual(round(average([1, 5, 7]), 1), 4.3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, average, []) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    self.assertRaises(TypeError, average, 20, 30, 70) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    unittest.main()\u00a0# \u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10.12. \u5145\u7535\u533a<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Python\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u539f\u7406\u7684 \u201c\u5145\u7535\u533a\u201d (batteries included). \u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3 python \u539f\u7406\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5305\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f. \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n